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Extending the Water Analogy - Going back to the water analogy to explain how a transistor acts like a valve.Symbols, Pins, and Construction - Explaining the differences between the transistor's three pins.This tutorial is split into a series of sections, covering: We won't dig too deeply into semiconductor physics or equivalent models, but we'll get deep enough into the subject that you'll understand how a transistor can be used as either a switch or amplifier.

Covered In This TutorialĪfter reading through this tutorial, we want you to have a broad understanding of how transistors work. In quantities of thousands, millions, and even billions, transistors are interconnected and embedded into tiny chips to create computer memories, microprocessors, and other complex ICs. If you like this post probably you might like my next projects, so please support me by subscribing my blog and like my Facebook Page.In small, discrete quantities, transistors can be used to create simple electronic switches, digital logic, and signal amplifying circuits. Thanks for reading, you can contact me by leaving a comment. And as you decrease voltage to the base of a NPN transistor, the transistor turns on less and less, until the voltage is so low, the transistor no longer conducts across emitter to collector, and shuts off.When you increase voltage to the base of a NPN transistor, the transistor is turned on more and more until it conducts fully from emitter to collector.A NPN transistor conducts from emitter to collector.And as you decrease voltage to the base of a PNP transistor, the transistor turns on more and more, until the transistor fully conducts from collector to emitter.When you increase voltage to the base of a PNP transistor, the transistor is turned off more and more until it no longer conducts and completely shuts off.A PNP transistor conducts from collector to emitter.The difference between a PNP transistor and a NPN transistor is their polarity and their actions are reversed… PNP Transistor (you should see my project after reading this post) I’ve decided to write this post to support a bit of the theory behind my new project that identifies the PNP and NPN transistors easily.